More trouble in Brazil

Joaquim Pedro da Silva, b. 1910, taken Summer 1995 by me

In the summer of 1995 my family traveled to Brazil to visit family. I was 14 years old and had never met most of them. I clearly remember meeting my Great-Grandfather Joaquim. He was an hilarious, albeit crotchety, old man.

Since I've had such trouble with the search for my Grandmother Lindalva's birth record I stepped back and thought maybe she might not have been born in Joao Pessoa after all. Her father, Joaquim, was born in Alagoa Grande, about 100 km east of Joao Pessoa. So, on a lark, I decided to look through Alagoa Grande's parish records to see if I could find Joaquim's birth/christening record.

Here's what I knew* before I started:
* by knew I mean that my father had collected these dates/places from speaking with family members many years ago...but there are very few documents (yet) to support these claims.

Joaquim Pedro da Silva
b. 9 Jun 1910, Alagoa Grande, Paraiba, Brazil
m. 15 Sep 1948, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
d. 24 Dec 2001, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
Note: his marriage date is 14 years after his oldest child, my grandmother, was born. That date comes from a copy of his civil marriage certificate. Perhaps they were married in the Catholic church on another date but didn't register the marriage with the government? As always, more research is needed.

So, I went off in search of his christening record, and here's what I found:

Source: Family Search, "Brazil, Catholic Church Records," digital image, Family Search (familysearch.org : downloaded 11 March 2013), Image 95, page 89, Entry 252; Brazil, Parish and Diocesan Records - Paraíba - Alagoa Grande - Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem - Batismos 1909, Ago-1911, Maio.

SERIOUSLY!!!???!!! Come on now! Not only is the page torn away but the microfilm-er didn't move over the small stub of the previous page which covered some of what was left. I even tried using the next page (back side of this one) and darkening the bit you could see through the page to see if I could read it. Nope.

Anyway, I believe entry number 252 to be his. Here's what I've worked out:

By looking at a previous entry (from the top of the page) I decided that this particular scribe had a "template" for all his entries. (I double checked that this was the same throughout the previous and subsequent pages.)

Template: Date of baptism, "I baptized in the font of this Parish", Name of child, age of child in days, parent(s) names, godparents names, testify of truthfulness and signature.

So what did I learn from this record?

• A child named Joaquim was baptized on or around 9 June 1910
• The child was perhaps 23 days old or even 23 hours old?

That's it!

Researching in Brazil is hard!

finding Sanne Caroline Dorthea Jensen

Having found the Jensen family in the 1880 Danish Census and noting a 10 year gap between children, I thought I might look for any other children Peder and Christine may have had. I knew there were 3 options.

1. Christine had one or more miscarriages. These would most likely not be recorded in the church records as births or deaths...unless the baby was near full term and considered a stillborn. I still don't think they could christen the child but perhaps there may be a burial record.
2. There was one or more children born in that time and they may have lived for a while but died before the 1880 census. In this case I should expect to find a christening and a burial record.
3. There were no other children, and therefore no records to be found. This may however be like #1, in that there are no records.

My plan of attack was to look in death records first. Here's what I found --

Source: Danish State Archives, "Kirkebøger," digital images, Statens Arkivers Arkivalieronline (www.sa.dk/ao/ : downloaded 31 March 2012), Sanne Caroline Dorthea Jensen Death Record; Nylarsker Parish, p 450, 1879, no 2.

Transcription / Translation:

1879

No.

2

Dødedagen

Death Date

d. 27de Januar

1879

The 27^th January

1879

Begravelsesdaged

Burial Date

d. 2den Februar

1879

The 2^nd February

1879

Den Dødes For og Tilnavn

First and Last Name of the Deceased

Sanne Caroline Dorthea

Jensen

Stand

Position

Datter af Fisker i Arnager

Peder Jensen og Hustru

Claudine Christine Funch

Daughter of Fisherman from Arnager

Peder Jensen and wife

Claudine Christine Funch

Alder

Age

5

Aar

5

Years

Hvor anfort i vet alm. Jevuf. Reg.

Where in General Index Register

98/21

Amnær.

Remarks

Skifteattest af 28/1 79

Lungesygdom

Probate Certificate of 28 Jan [18]79

Pneumonia

---

So, the Jensen's did have another daughter, Sanne (Danish version of Suzanne, sometimes spelled Sanna). Interestingly, she had a probate certificate. I was able to find the catalog record at the Family History Library, so the next time I go I will be sure to look this up! According to her burial record she was 5 years old. This gives me a rough idea of when she was born, so back I went into church records - this time looking for a christening. I started right after the last child's christening and moved forward, here's what I found --

Source: Danish State Archives, "Kirkebøger," digital images, Statens Arkivers Arkivalieronline (www.sa.dk/ao/ : downloaded 7 November 2011), Sanna Jensen christening record, to be moved to 1873; Nylarsker Parish, p 81, 1873, no 4.


This really confused me, a page with some christening records with no baby names or christening dates. I couldn't tell what the note said at the end of the entry, so I had to get some help.


Transcription / Translation:
4.

d. 6d Februar 1873
6 February 1873

Fisker Peder Jensen i Arnager
og Hustru Claudine Christina
Funch, 32 Aar gl
Fisherman Peder Jensen of Arnager
and wife Claudine Christina
Funch, 32 years old

Overført i Kirkebogen for 1873
moved to church book for 1873 


Apparently the priest made notes for the first few births of 1873 in the wrong book, so he then moved them over later. So, I went to the next set of records and found her ---

Source: Danish State Archives, "Kirkebøger," digital images, Statens Arkivers Arkivalieronline (www.sa.dk/ao/ : downloaded 31 March 2012), Sanna Caroline Dorthea Jensen christening record; Nylarsker Parish, p 98, 1873, no 4.

Transcription / Translation:

1873

No.

død. 4

dead 4

Aar og Datum

Year and Date

d. 6te

Februar

1873

The 6th

February

1873

Barnets fulde Navn

Child’s full name

Sanna Caroline Dor-

thea Jensen

Daabens Datum enten i Kirken eller hjemme

Christening Date either in the church or at home

d. 10de April

1873

i Kirken

the 10th April

1873

at the church

Forældres Navn, Stand, Haandtering og Opholdsted

Parents’ Name, Social Position, Occupation and Residence

Fisker Peder Jensen i

Arnager og Hustru Claudine

Christine Funch, 32 Aar gl.

Fisherman Peder Jensen of

Arnager and wifeClaudine

Christine Funch, 32 years old

[Note from JensenJN: “gl.” = abbreviation for “ammel” = “old”]

Faddernes Navne, Stand og Opholdsted

Witnesses’ Names, Social Position and Residence

Bærkone: Daglejer i Arnager Anton Marker’s Hustru

Helene Claudine Jensen

Faddere: Fisker i Arnager Jacob Peter Jensen

Johannes Peter Hansen, tjener paa Vejrmøllegaard

i Aaker

Vilhelmine Petrea Jensen, tejener paa 10de Sgd.

Godmother: day laborer from Arnager Anton Marker’s wife

Helene Claudine Jensen

Witnesses: Fisherman from Arnager Jacob Peter Jensen

Johannes Peter Hansen, serves on wind mill farm

from Aaker

Vilhelmine Petrea Jensen, serves on the 10^th Sgd [farm]

[Note from JensenJN: Bærkone (Carry woman) I have never seen that word before, but from the name context there is no doub t that this is the lady, who carried the child to the christening.]

Hvor anført i det alm. Jevnf. Reg. [almindelige Jevnførelses Register]

Where posted in the Index Register

92/9

Anmærkninger

Remarks.

[blank]

---

• The priest went back and marked her record "død" or "dead."
• I love that one of the witnesses, Johannes Peter Hansen, worked on a wind mill farm.

These records help explain the 10 year gap between children in the 1880 census. I did find another record of interest while digging in the church records, but you'll have to wait until tomorrow for that. :)

Christening Record - Jacob Peter Jensen

In the 1880 Danish census I found another child for Peder and Christine Jensen -  Jacob Peter Jensen. Since he was 1 year old at the time (1 Feb 1880) I went back into the church records to find his christening record.

Source: Danish State Archives, "Kirkebøger," digital images, Statens Arkivers Arkivalieronline (www.sa.dk/ao/ : downloaded 31 March 2012), Jacob Peter Jensen christening record; Nylarsker Parish, p30, 1878, no. 13.


Transcription / Translation:

1878

Nr.

13

Rejst  til Amerika

Emigrated to America

[Note from JensenJN: “Rejst” litterally “traveled,” but the idea is “emigrated”]

Aar og Datum

Year and Date

d. 27d Dec.

1878

27 Dec

1878

Barnets fulde Navn

Child’s full name

Jacob Peter Jensen

Daabens Datum enten i Kirken eller hjemme

Christening Date either in the church or at home

d. 2den Februar

1879

i Kirken

2nd February

1879

at the church

Forældres Navn, Stand, Haandtering og Opholdsted

Parents’ Name, Social Position, Occupation and Residence

Fisker i Arnager

Peder Jensen og

Hustru Claudine

Christine Funch,

38 Aar gl.

Fisherman in Arnager

Peder Jensen and

Wife Claudine Christine Funch,

38 years old

[Note from JensenJN: “gl.” = abbreviation for “ammel” = “old”]

Faddernes Navne, Stand og Opholdsted

Witnesses’ Names, Social Position and Residence

Bærkone: Line Funch, Arbejdsmand Jørgen

Andreasen Funchs Hustru  i Arnager

Arbejdsmand i Arnager Johannes Andreasen Schou

Fisker i Arnager Christen Jensen

Andrea Holm, tjener hos ???ejer i Arnager Thor Thorsen

Godmother: Line Funch, laborer Jørgen

Andreasen Funch’s wife from Arnager

Arbejdsmand in Arnager Johannes Andreasen Schou

Fisherman in Arnager Christen Jensen

Andrea Holm, serves by ???owner in Arnager Thor Thorsen

[Note from JensenJN: Bærkone (Carry woman) I have never seen that word before, but from the name context there is no doub t that this is the lady, who carried the child to the christening.]

Hvor anført i det alm. Jevnf. Reg. [almindelige Jevnførelses Register]

Where posted in the Index Register

98/22

Anmærkninger

Remarks.

[blank]

---

Interesting:
His entry is pretty standard except for the short notation next to his number - "emigrated to America." I have some family histories that mention Christine immigrating to America, but only tells me that it was after her parents (who immigrated in 1870). This is the first supporting evidence.

Christening Record - Peder Jensen

Since the 1870 Danish Census gave me Peder Jensen's birth place as Nylars (which is Nylarsker parish), I went into the church records to find his christening.

Source: Danish State Archives, "Kirkebøger," digital images, Statens Arkivers Arkivalieronline (www.sa.dk/ao/ : downloaded 15 July 2011), Peder Jensen Christening Record; Nylarsker Parish, 27 Aug 1839, no. 11.

Transcription / Translation:

1839

No.

NB 11

Aar og Datum

Year and Date

d. 27 Aug

1839

27 Aug

1839

Barnets fulde Navn

Child’s full name

Peder Jensen

Daabens Datum enten i Kirken eller hjemme

Christening Date either in the church or at home

Hjemmedøbt d. 27

Aug 1839

Bragt i Kirken

d. 6 Oct 1839

Home christened 27

Aug 1839

Brought to Church

6 Oct 1839

Forældres Navn, Stand, Haandtering og Opholdsted

Parents’ Name, Social Position, Occupation and Residence

Christen Jensen [8]

25 ???. Kristine

Hansd.

Christen Jensen [8]

25 [???] Kristine

Hansd[atter]

[my comment: It seems like the "8" which descends the line is a kind of abbreiation, signifying that "now comes the address". Farms in Bornholm seemed to have some kind of numbering system, and I believe it possible, that Christen Jensen is living in 25 S??gg[rd?]. Not having any better way to show, I will use [8] to show]

Faddernes Navne, Stand og Opholdsted

Witnesses’ Names, Social Position and Residence

Gjertrud Kofod [8] ???? M.

Adelheid Groubech [8] Prgd

Jens Sonne, Hans Ipsen

Gertrud Kofod [8] ???? M.

Adelheid Groubech Prgd

Jens Sonne, Hans Ipsen

[Comment: Prgd could be an abbreviation for "Præstegaard" (= Parsonage/Rectory)]

Hvor anført i det alm. Jevnf. Reg. [almindelige Jevnførelses Register]

Where posted in the General Index Register

no. 129

Anmærkninger

Remarks.

Forglemt

efter No 6

Forgotten

after No 6

[comment: The pastor has forgotten to place the entry in chronological order. This would explain the NB in front of the name in the first column]

---

Interesting:
It appears that Peder may have been ill as a newborn because he was christened at home.

Christening Record - Annine Margrethe Christine Jensen

Continuing my research of the Jensen family, I found their daughter Annine's Christening Record.

Source: Danish State Archives, "Kirkebøger," digital images, Statens Arkivers Arkivalieronline (www.sa.dk/ao/ : downloaded 7 November 2011), Annine Margrethe Christine Jensen Christening Record; Nylarsker Parish, p34, 1866, no. 3.

Transcription / Translation:

1866

No.

3

Aar og Datum

Year and Date

d. 3d Mart.

1866

3 March

1866

Barnets fulde Navn

Child’s full name

Annine Margrethe Christine Jensen

Daabens Datum enten i Kirken eller hjemme

Christening Date either in the church or at home

d. 20 April

1866

i Kirken

20 April

1866

at the church

Forældres Navn, Stand, Haandtering og Opholdsted

Parents’ Name, Social Position, Occupation and Residence

Arbejdsmand i Arnager

Peder Jensen og Hustru

Claudine Christine født

Funch, 25 Aar gl.

Laborer in Arnager

Peder Jensen and wife

Claudine Christine nee [actually: “born”]

Funch, 25 years old

[Note from JensenJN: “gl.” = abbreviation for “ammel” = “old”]

Faddernes Navne, Stand og Opholdsted

Witnesses’ Names, Social Position and Residence

Bærkone: Else K. Markmann, ???ejer Niels Jørgen-

sens Hustru af Arnager

Faddere: Fisker Anders Persson af Arnager,

Snedker Jacob Peter Jensen af Arnager,

Christine Margrethe Jensen, tjener paa

1ste ???gaard.

Godmother: Else K. Markmann, ???owner Niels Jørgen-

sens wife of Arnager

Witnesses: Fisherman Anders Persson of Arnager,

Cabinet maker Jacob Peter Jensen of Arnager,

Christine Margrethe Jensen, serving on

1st ???farm.

[Note from JensenJN: Bærkone (Carry woman) I have never seen that word before, but from the name context there is no doub t that this is the lady, who carried the child to the christening.]

[Comment from Jensen JN: ???ejer It seems to read "Stæleejer" and except for the ending "ejer",
which means "owner", the word makes no sense to me.] 
[Comment from JensenJN: 1ste ???gaard. I cannot decide if it reads Stormgaard or Strandgaard 
I will investigate this tomorrow by looking up an old map] 

Hvor anført i det alm. Jevnf. Reg. [almindelige Jevnførelses Register]

Where posted in the Index Register

no. 15/148

Anmærkninger

Remarks.

Isted[e]tfor Fisker Anders Persson

af Arnager mødte som fadder

???ejer Niels Jorgensen, Kro-

mand i Arnager.

Vaccineret d 27 Juni

1866 af Zahrtmann

Instead of fisherman Anders Persson

of Arnager met as a witness

???owner Niels Jørgensen, Inn-

keeper in Arnager.

vaccinated 27 June 1866

by Zahrtmann

---

Interesting:

• Here we see Annine's full name -- Annine Margrethe Christine Jensen. Love it!
• She was also vaccinated (for small pox) by Zahrtmann, like her brother, and parents. I believe him to be the local doctor.
• In this record and in her brother Laurits' Christening record Christine's name is listed as Claudina Christine.

Christening Record - Laurits Peter Jensen

If you'll remember, FamilySearch was not very accurate with its information for Christine Funk/Lund and her husband Peter Jensen. Their marriage date of 1861 has been disproven and fixed to the correct 28 Apr 1865.

In the 1870 Danish Census I found the couple living in the Nylarsker parish with two children, Anine Margrete Jensen (age 3), and Laurits Peter Jensen (age 1).

FamilySearch had a Lauritz (Lewis, actually) listed as being born about 1861. In the census, however, he is 1 year old in 1870. So, the search began.

I started in 1860 just to be sure and checked all the Laurtis'. There were a few, but none where a good match except for this one -- (Note: It appears that the priest wrote the witnesses on the wrong line - you can see that the previous baby didn't have a name so he miss placed it and then marked it for entry 5 - I've highlighted the relevant entries.)

Source: Danish State Archives, "Kirkebøger," digital images, Statens Arkivers Arkivalieronline (www.sa.dk/ao/ : downloaded 7 November 2011), Laurits Peter Jensen Christening Record; Nylarsker Parish, 1868, p. 14, no. 5.

Transcription:

1868

No.

5

Aar og Datum

Year and Date

d. 16d Fe

bruar 1868

16 February

1868

Barnets fulde Navn

Child’s full name

Laurits Peter Jensen

Daabens Datum enten i Kirken eller hjemme

Christening Date either in the church or at home

d. 29 Marts

1868

i Kirken

29 March

1868

at the church

Forældres Navn, Stand, Haandtering og Opholdsted

Parents’ Name, Social Position, Occupation and Residence

Fisker Peder Jensen

i Arnager og Hustru

Claudine Christine

Funch, 27 Aar gl.

Fisherman Peder Jensen

of Arnager and wife

Claudine Christine

Funch, 27 years old

[Note from JensenJN (From FamilySearch forum): “gl.” = abbreviation for “ammel” = “old”]

Faddernes Navne, Stand og Opholdsted

Witnesses’ Names, Social Position and Residence

Bærkone: Fisker Jacob Steenbergs Hustru Anna Kirstine

Pedersdatter I Arnager

Faddere: Daglejer Hans Peter Marker i Arnager

Daglejer Andreas Peter Hansen i Aakirkeby

Christiane Gul?? Maria Steenberg, Datter

af fisker Jacob Steenberg i Arnager.

Godmother: Fisherman Jacob Steenberg’s wife Anna Kirstine

Pedersdatter of Arnager

Witnesses: Day laborer Hans Peter Marker of Arnager

Day laborer Andreas Peter Hansen of Aakirkeby

Christiane Gul? Maria Steenberg, daughter

of fisherman Jacob Steenberg of Arnager.

[Note from JensenJN: Bærkone (Carry woman) I have never seen that word before, but from the name context there is no doub t that this is the lady, who carried the child to the christening.]

Hvor anført i det alm. Jevnf. Reg. [almindelige Jevnførelses Register]

Where posted in the Index Register

no. 16/38

[Note from JensenJN: I looked up the reference and there is no other information about Lautitz Peter Jensen than his christening. It is only the entry of the witnesses where he placed them wrong. The other entries are made in the proper line.]

Anmærkninger

Remarks.

Vacc. d 22/6 69

af Zahrtmann

vaccinated 22 June 1869

by Zahrtmann

---

Interesting:

• Christine has a younger brother named Laurits (Lewis) Funch who would have been 14 years old at the time of her own son's birth. 
• Laurits Jensen was vaccinated by the same doctor as his father and mother.

Didrich Funch - Christening Record

Danish State Archives, "Kirkebøger," digital images, Statens Arkivers Arkivalieronline (www.sa.dk/ao/ : downloaded 15 July 2011), Didrich Funch, Christening Record, 1816; Nylarskar Parish.

This one was really hard to read. I did the best I could then asked the experts over at the Family Search Denmark Forum. JensenJN helped me out again and filled in some of the missing information. 

---

Transcription/Translation:

1816

No.

7

Aar og Datum

Year and Date

1816, 25 Marts

1816, 25 March

Barnets fulde Navn

Child’s full name

Didrich Funch

Daabens Datum enten i Kirken eller hjemme

Christening Date either in the church or at home

1816, 3 April

I Kirken

1816, 3 April

at the church

Forældres Navn, Stand, Haandtering og Opholdsted

Parents’ Name, Social Position, Occupation and Residence

Ugivt Quinde, Gertrude

Christine Didrichsdatter

tilhuse p[aa] Degnegaarden i
N[ylarsker], udlagde ved Henrich
Pedersens Kone af Degnegaarden
til Barnefader Johan Rihs,
som er bortrejst ./Ungkarl/.

Unmarried woman, Gertrude
Christine Didrichsdatter
at home at Degnegaarden in
Nylarsker, claimed by Henrich
Pedersen's wife of Degnegaarden
as child father Johan Rihs,
who has traveled away ./bachelor/.

From JensenJN:
some words are spelled different in today's Danish:

• ugivt is now ugift = unmarried
• quinde is now kvinde = woman, the spelling is very old and believed to be the origin of the English word 'Queen'
• tilhuse actually 'at house' would today not be used. We would today use 'boede' = lived

Faddernes Navne, Stand og Opholdsted

Witnesses’ Names, Social Position and Residence

Christine Jens Hansens p[aa] 19 Sgd i N[ylarsker]
Anna Andreassesdatter p[aa] 32 Sgd i N[ylarsker]
Jens Mognsen p[aa] Sgds ??? i N[ylarsker] og Peder
Olsen Ridder ibid:, Andreas Andersen
af Pedersker S[ogn]. Søren Pedersen p[aa] 6 V??-
neg[a]d[e] i N[ylarsker]
Christine Jens Hansen's [likely wife] in 19 [Søndergade?] in Nylarsker
Anna Andreassesdatter on 32 [Søndergade?] in Nylarsker
Jens Mognsen on Sgds ??? in Nylarsker and Peder
Olsen Ridder same place, Andreas Andersen
of Pedersker parish. Søren Pedersen on 6 V??-
negade in Nylarsker.???

Hvor anført i jevnfø relsesRegistret.

Where posted in the Index Register

no. 71, 6

Anmærkninger
Remarks.
Uægte Dreng
p: geistlig ????
Moderen første Gang
udenfor Ægteskab
besvangret
Illegitimate Boy
[??? ecclesiastic ????]
The mother first time
outside matrimony
impregnated.

---

Now I have a few questions...First, where did the last name Funch come from? Didrich's mother's, Gertrude, last name was Didrichsdatter (so her father was named Didrich?)...was his last name Funch? Didrich's father is listed as Johan Rihs and Gertrude is listed as unmarried. Did she ever marry Johan? When and who did she marry? I'll have to keep digging in the parish records. I should also track down the index register and see what that has to say.

I signed up for some classes at the Family History Library in SLC specifically on researching in Denmark. I'm super excited to learn even more!

Mathias Christian Lund - Christening Record

Source: Danish State Archives, "Kirkebøger," digital images, Statens Arkivers Arkivalieronline (www.sa.dk/ao/ : downloaded 3 June 2011), Mathias Kristian Funch, Christening Record, 1849; Nylarskar Parish.

Transcription/Translation: I was able to translate most of this on my own (with the help of GoogleTranslate). I did get some additional help and insights from the Family Search Forum for Denmark. I've included the Danish and English versions below:

1849

No.

9

Aar og Datum

Year and Date

31 Aug

1849

Barnets fulde Navn

Child’s full name

Mathias Kristian

Funch

Daabens Datum enten i Kirken eller hjemme

Christening Date either in the church or at home

7 Oct.

1849 i

Kirken

7 Oct.

1849 at

the church

Forældres Navn, Stand, Haandtering og Opholdsted

Parents’ Name, Social Position, Occupation and Residence

Didrich F. Funk

Karen K. Hansd

i Arnager

Didrich F. Funk

Karen K. Hansd[atter]

in Arnager

Faddernes Navne, Stand og Opholdsted

Witnesses’ Names, Social Position and Residence

Lars Pouls H.[ustru] Stine Hansd.[atter]

Karen M Kofod - Hans

Marker Jens P. Jacobsen

Lars Pouls' Wife Stine Hansdatter

Karen M Kofod - Hans

Marker. Jens P. Jacobsen

Hvor anført i jevnfø relsesRegistret.

Where posted in the Index Register

no. 128

Anmærkninger

Remarks.

vac: af Grove d 11 Sept
1851

vaccinated by Grove on 11 September

1851

JensenJN, a member of the forum, gave me some additional insights into some of the information.

Re: Witnesses Names -- Kofod is a name uniquely originating at Bornholm, and it was fiercely defended by the family. It did not allow anyone outside the family to take it.
There were different spellings of the name: Kofod, Koefod, Kofoed, and Koefoed.

I went back and asked for some clarification about the vaccinations. I wondered what it was for and who "Grove" may have been - a person or maybe organization? He responded:

The short answer is that the vaccination was against smallpox. Denmark had had some epidemics and it became mandatory to be vaccinated against it. The Danish word for "smallpox" is "Kopper". You will in some marriage entries find a remark like "har haft de naturlige kopper" ("has had the natural smallpox"). At times it just abbreviated to "Nat. Kopper." Such people were exempt from the vaccination.

TO INVESTIGATE: This record was really interesting and gave me lots of new information. It also brought up questions about Mathias' last name. At birth he was Funch, when he immigrated he was Funk, and in all US records he's Lund. Interestingly, in the US 1880 Census he is Mathias C Lund but his father is listed (on another page) as Dedrick Funk. All his siblings (in the US) took the name as well. Why the name change? When? Where did the name Lund come from?